How many parts does a car consist of? How many parts does the car have? In fact, there is no definite standard answer to this question.

It is estimated that the average car is assembled from more than 10,000 individual components that cannot be disassembled. Special cars with extremely complex structures, such as F1 racing cars, can have as many as 20,000 independent parts.

Of course, it is estimated that no one can accurately calculate the number of parts in a car. The more the number of parts in the car, it does not mean that the performance of the car is better, but it means that its reliability will be more difficult to guarantee.

A car generally consists of four basic parts: engine, chassis, body and electrical and electronic equipment.

1. Car engine

The engine is the power device of the automobile, which is mainly composed of the body, the crank connecting rod mechanism, the valve train, the cooling system, the lubrication system, the fuel system and the ignition system (the diesel engine has no ignition system).

Cooling system: generally consists of a water tank, a water pump, a radiator, a fan, a thermostat, a water temperature gauge and a water discharge switch. Car engines use two cooling methods, air cooling and water cooling. Generally, automobile engines are cooled by antifreeze.

Lubrication system: The engine lubrication system consists of an oil pump, a filter, an oil filter, an oil passage, a pressure limiting valve, an oil gauge, a pressure-sensing plug and a dipstick.

Fuel system: gasoline engine fuel system consists of gasoline tank, gasoline meter, gasoline pipe, gasoline filter, gasoline pump, fuel injector, air filter, intake and exhaust manifold, etc.

Ignition system: It consists of ignition power supply, ignition switch, ignition coil, spark plug and high-voltage wire.

2. Automobile chassis

The automobile chassis is mainly composed of the transmission system, the driving system, the steering system and the braking system.

Transmission system: It is mainly composed of clutch, transmission, universal joint, transmission shaft and drive axle.

The function of the clutch is to smoothly engage or temporarily disengage the power of the engine and the transmission, so as to facilitate the driver to start, stop, shift and other operations of the car.

The transmission is composed of a transmission case, a transmission cover, a first shaft, a second shaft, an intermediate shaft, a reverse gear shaft, a gear, a bearing, a control mechanism and other parts, which are used for vehicle speed change and output torque.

Driving system: It is composed of frame, axle, suspension and wheels. Its basic function is to support the quality of the whole car and ensure the driving of the car.

Leaf spring and shock absorber: The function of the leaf spring is to maintain an elastic connection between the frame and the body and the wheel or axle. The function of the shock absorber is to soften the vibration when the car is impacted by vibration. The shock absorber is used in parallel with the leaf spring.

Steering system: It is composed of steering wheel, steering gear, steering knuckle, steering knuckle arm, transverse tie rod, straight tie rod, etc. Its function is to turn.

Front Wheel Alignment: In order to keep the car running in a straight line, keep the steering light, and reduce the wear of the tires and steering parts when the car is running, the installation of the front wheel, the steering kingpin and the front axle has a certain relative position. It's called "front wheel alignment". It includes the caster of the kingpin, the inclination of the production and sales, and the toe-in of the front wheel. The toe value refers to the difference between the distance between the front edges of the two front wheels less than the distance between the rear edges.

Braking system: The function of the braking system is to force the moving car to decelerate or even stop according to the driver's request; to make the parked car park stably under various road conditions (including on slopes); The speed of the car on a slope remains stable. At present, various domestic auto manufacturers use front disc and rear drum brake systems on small and medium-sized finished commercial vehicles, and some models use four-wheel disc brakes. Compared with drum brakes, disc brakes are technically more advanced. , the braking performance is better.

3. Automobile body and accessories

The role of the car body is mainly to protect the driver and form a good aerodynamic environment. In terms of form, the car body structure is mainly divided into non-load-bearing, bearing and semi-bearing. Automotive body components include engine covers, roof covers, trunk lids, fenders, front panels, and the like.

Engine cover: The structure of the engine cover is generally composed of an outer plate and an inner plate, with a heat insulating material sandwiched in the middle, and the inner plate plays the role of enhancing rigidity. Its geometric shape is selected by the manufacturer, basically in the form of a skeleton. When the hood is opened, it is generally turned backward, and a small part is turned forward.

Roof cover: The cover on the top of the car. The roof is not a very important part of the overall stiffness of the car body, which is why a sunroof is allowed on the roof. From a design point of view, what is important is how it transitions smoothly with the front and rear window frames and the junctions with the pillars for the best visual sense and the least air resistance. Of course, in order to ensure the safety of the roof cover, it should have a certain strength and rigidity. Generally, a certain number of reinforcing beams are added under the roof cover, and the inner layer of the roof cover is laid with thermal insulation lining material to prevent the conduction of external temperature and reduce noise during vibration. transfer.

Trunk lid: The trunk lid also has an outer panel and an inner panel, and the inner panel has reinforcing ribs. Some sedans are called "half-boxes", the trunk extends upwards, including the rear windshield, so that the opening area is increased to form a door, so it is also called the back door, which not only maintains a kind of sedan The shape is also convenient for storing items.

Fenders: The fenders are the outer panels of the body that cover the wheels. They are named after the shape and position of this part of the old car body resembles a bird's wing. According to the installation position, it is divided into front fender and rear fender. The front fender is installed at the front wheel, so it is necessary to ensure the maximum limit space when the front wheel rotates and jumps, and the rear fender has no wheel rotation and rubbing. However, for aerodynamic reasons, the rear fenders are slightly arched and bulged outwards. At present, some car fenders have been integrated with the body body.

Front wall: The front wall refers to the partition between the engine compartment and the carriage. It is connected to the floor and the front pillar, and the car body is installed under the upper cover of the front wall. There are many holes on the front panel, which are used for the passage of pull wires, pull rods, pipelines and wire harnesses for manipulation, and also cooperate with the installation positions of pedals, square columns and other parts.

4. Electronic and electrical

Automotive electronics is a general term for vehicle body automotive electronic control devices and on-board automotive electronic control devices.

The body electronic control device includes: engine control system, chassis control system and body electronic control system. These are all electronic control systems composed of sensors, microprocessors MPU, actuators, dozens or even hundreds of electronic components and parts.

Vehicle electronic devices include: batteries, generators, regulators, starters, ignition systems, instruments, lighting devices, audio devices, wipers and other components!
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